The urine sugar test measures the amount of sugar in the urine. A urine glucose test is a quick and simple way to check for abnormally high levels of glucose in your urine.
- Glucose or any other sugar is not normally excreted In healthy individuals.
- Glucose is completely reabsorbed by renal tubular epithelial cells.
- Rate of glucose absorption (Tubulas maximum for glucose): 350 mg/min.
- The renal threshold for glucose is 180 mg/dl Glycosuria: Excretion of glucose in the urine.
How to perform the Glucose test in Urine:
Benedict Test:
Benedict Test Principle:
Substances producing positive benedict’s Test Lactose, galactose, fructose, pentoses Home gentistic acid, creatinine (high conec.) ascorbic, and, salicylic acid.
Benedict Regent:
- Sodium Citrate
- Sodium Carbonate
- Copper Sulphate
Procedure:
Take 5ml of Benedict reagent and add 8 drops of Urine. Mix and boil,
Observation:
- Blue (Nil)
- Green (+)
- Yellow (++)
- Red (+++)
- Dark Red (++++)
Purpose:
- Screening for Diabetes: To detect high levels of glucose, which might indicate diabetes.
- Monitoring Diabetes: For people already diagnosed with diabetes, to monitor their glucose levels.
- Identifying Kidney Issues: High glucose levels in urine can suggest issues with kidney function.
- Detecting Hormonal Disorders: Conditions like Cushing’s syndrome or hyperthyroidism can affect glucose levels.
Benedict Test Interpretation:
Glycosuria: Presence of glucose in Urine:
| Hyperglycemia glycosuria | Renal glycosuria, Fanconi Syndrome |
| Diabetes Miletus, the most common cause Hyperthyroidism Hypopituitarism Hyperadrenalism Diseases of pancreas |
Due to a decrease in the glucose reabsorption The capacity of renal tubular cells Decrease overall threshold |
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