Syphilis Test

Syphilis Test is a sexually transmitted Infection (STI) that can cause serious. health problems without treatment. Infectious develops in three stages (primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary) Each stage has different signs and symptoms.

It is a bacterial infection usually spread by sexual contact After the inactive Initial infection, Syphilis bacteria can remain in the body for decades before becoming active again.

Early syphilis can be used Sometimes with a single shot (injection) of penicillin- Without treatment. syphilis. Can severely damage the heart, brain, or other organs. can be life-threatening syphilis can also be passed from mother to unborn babies.

How To Performed This Test:

A Blood Sample is needed Serum or Plasma.

Causative Agent:

Treponema pallidum is the Causative agent which Causes syphilis in men and women. It is a gram-negative spiral-shaped bacteria and belongs to the family Spirochetes, By using the same toilet, bathtub, clothing, eating utensils or form doorknobs, etc.

Risk factors:

• Engage in unprotected sex
• Have sex with multiple partners
• Are a man who has sex with men
• Are infected with HIV, the virus that causes Aids

Transmission of Syphilis:

• Mother to child during pregnancy
• Blood transfusion if not screened
• Contaminated surgical and Dental Instrument
• Oral Sex
• Vaginal Sex and Anal Sex
• Skin contact with sores of infected parts

Symptoms:

Syphilis develops in stages of symptoms vary with each stage. But the stages may overlap and symptoms don’t always occur in some order.

Primary Syphilis:

In the primary stage, primary syphilis is a small, round painless Sore called a cancer it generally develops 10 to 90 days after exposure, at the entry point of T pallidum, usually on the penis, vulva, or Cervix, or in the vagina, or rectum on the mouth tongue or lips after oral sex or other parts of the body.

Since the sore is painless if it is on the cervix, inside the vagina, or inside the rectum a woman may not even know she has been infected.

Secondary Syphilis:

The secondary stage begins about this to ten weeks after some appear, as T. pallidum Spreads through the bloodstream. The result is non- non-tychy rash, usually on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, but also in the mouth. other areas On the entire body.

Symptoms:

• Fever
• Fatigue
• Swollen glands
• Hair loss
• Muscles aches
• Headache

Latent Syphilis:

Latent Syphilis causes no symptoms, The infection can only be detected with a blood test. If it is not treated latent syphilis continues for life. Many people with latent syphilis never have serious problems, some progress to the final stage called Late tertiary syphilis. In this stage, it may damage the heart, blood vessels, brain, nervous system, Liver, and joints.

Result of Late Tertiary Syphilis:

• Blindness
• Loss Memory
• Mental illness
• Stroke
• Or even death

Screening Test:

• Syphilis Rapid Test Cassette
• Confirmatory Test

Procedure:

Collect the blood sample 3 to 5 ml in a gel tube, Centrifuge the blood sample, and after centrifuging this test IgG and IgM antibodies are detected in the patient blood or serum against syphilis bacteria or treponema pallidum. Then the colored lines in the control and test region will indicate a positive test. Rapid plasma regain (RPR) is a Syphilis blood test that looks for antibodies. Venereal Disease Research Laboratory.

VDRL test:

It checks for Syphilis antibodies the antibodies detected in the patient’s serum are called reagents and this kit is used for the RR or VDRL test. In which serum and reagent are mined for 8 minutes and a positive cause is observed by the presence of flocculation.

Confirmatory Test:

Confirmatory test for Syphilis, When Syphilis is detected by a Screening test then this disease is confirmed by the following test which one more Sensitive and specific.

TPHA:

Treponema pallidum Hemagglutination, Test is an indirect agglutination assay used for the detection and titration of antibodies against the Causative agent of Syphilis. In this test gelatin par tides are Sensitized with T. pallidum antigen. In this test, patient serum is mixed with the reagent Containing the Sensitized gelatin particles.

The particles aggregate to form clumps when the patient Serum is positive for Syphilis.

FTA- ABS:

(Florescent Treponemal antibody) absorption). Treponema pallidum antigen is mined with patient serum containing the antibody and the fluorescence antibody is used and observed by fluorescence microscope.

Another test for Syphilis:

CSF test (Cerebrospinal fluid examination)

Darkfield examination

PCR ( polymerase chain reaction)

Treatment:

1. Penciline.