Overview of Waste Management, Total waste generated by hospitals, healthcare establishments, and research facilities, treatment, immunization, and associated research.
Healthcare waste characterization:
| Healthcare waste | non-risk waste (75-90%) risk waste (10-25%) |
Treatment Technologies:
- Chemical disinfection is used for treating liquid waste.
- Thermal disinfection is used for treating solid waste.
Sterilization:
Steam: Sterilization autoactivates used to disinfect waste.
Microwave: Irradiation is used to radiate energy to heat moisture within the waste.
Types of Waste
- Municipal Solid Waste (MSW): Commonly known as trash or garbage, it includes household waste, commercial waste, and some industrial waste.
- Hazardous Waste: Waste that poses substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment, such as chemicals, batteries, and electronic waste.
- Industrial Waste: Generated by manufacturing processes, it includes scrap materials, chemicals, and excess raw materials.
- Biomedical Waste: Produced by healthcare facilities, it includes items like syringes, bandages, and surgical instruments.
- Agricultural Waste: Waste generated from farming activities, including manure, crop residues, and pesticides.
Waste Management Processes
- Collection: The gathering of waste from residential, commercial, and industrial sources.
- Transportation: Moving collected waste to a processing or disposal site.
- Treatment: Methods to reduce the volume and toxicity of waste, such as incineration, recycling, and composting.
- Disposal: The final handling of waste, often involving landfilling or incineration.
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