Macroprolactin Test

Macroprolactin Test is a form of prolactin, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland in the brain. Prolactin plays a crucial role in the regulation of various physiological processes, particularly in females, where it is primarily associated with the development of mammary glands and the production of milk during lactation.

Macroprolactin is a complex of prolactin bound to immunoglobulin G (IgG), a type of antibody. This binding can result in the formation of larger molecules, known as macroprolactin, which circulate in the blood. The presence of macroprolactin can lead to an overestimation of total prolactin levels when measured using standard laboratory assays. However, macroprolactin is biologically inactive and does not contribute to the physiological effects of prolactin. 

Macroprolactin Test

It’s important to distinguish between macroprolactin and bioactive prolactin when assessing prolactin levels, especially in individuals with hyperprolactinemia (elevated prolactin levels). In cases where macroprolactinemia is suspected, additional tests, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, may be performed to differentiate between macroprolactin and bioactive prolactin.

In clinical practice, the significance of macroprolactinemia is debated. Some researchers and clinicians consider it to be a benign condition that does not require treatment, while others believe it may be associated with symptoms. Such as galactorrhea (inappropriate lactation), menstrual irregularities, and infertility. The approach to management may vary based on individual patient characteristics and symptoms.

Why do I need a Macroprolactin Test?

Here are some reasons why a Macroprolactin Test might be recommended:

1. Unexplained Hyperprolactinemia:

   If you have elevated prolactin levels in routine blood tests and there is no clear reason for it. Your healthcare provider may order a Macroprolactin Test to determine whether macroprolactin is contributing to the elevated levels.

2. Recurrent Pregnancy Loss or Infertility:

   Elevated prolactin levels can affect reproductive health and in cases of recurrent pregnancy loss or infertility. A Macroprolactin Test may be ordered to rule out macroprolactin interference.

3. Galactorrhea:

   Galactorrhea is the spontaneous flow of milk from the breast unrelated to nursing or childbirth. Elevated prolactin levels can cause this condition, and a Macroprolactin Test may be conducted to confirm if macroprolactin is a factor.