Immunology FAQs
Immunology FAQs, These questions cover various essential aspects of immunoglobulins, from their biological roles to clinical significance and diagnostic tests. Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) on immunoglobulin tests with correct answers involve covering various aspects of immunoglobulins (Ig), including their types, functions, clinical significance, and diagnostic tests.
- What are immunoglobulins?
A. Proteins that bind to antigens
B. Carbohydrates involved in metabolism
C. Lipids involved in cell membrane structure
D. Nucleic acids involved in genetic coding
Correct Answer: A. Proteins that bind to antigens
- Which of the following is not a type of immunoglobulin?
A. IgA
B. IgB
C. IgD
D. IgE
Correct Answer: B. IgB
- Which immunoglobulin is primarily found in mucosal areas?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgE
Correct Answer: A. IgA
- Which immunoglobulin is the most abundant in serum?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgE
Correct Answer: B. IgG
- Which immunoglobulin is associated with allergic reactions?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgE
Correct Answer: D. IgE
- What is the primary function of IgM?
A. First antibody produced in response to infection
B. Involved in allergic reactions
C. Provides mucosal immunity
D. Crosses the placenta
Correct Answer: A. First antibody produced in response to infection
- Which immunoglobulin can cross the placenta?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgD
Correct Answer: B. IgG
- Which immunoglobulin is found in breast milk?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgD
Correct Answer: A. IgA
- What is the function of IgD?
A. B cell receptor
B. Involved in allergic reactions
C. Provides mucosal immunity
D. Crosses the placenta
Correct Answer: A. B cell receptor
- Which of the following tests measures the levels of various immunoglobulins?
A. ELISA
B. Western blot
C. Immunoelectrophoresis
D. PCR
Correct Answer: C. Immunoelectrophoresis
- Elevated IgE levels are most commonly associated with:
A. Bacterial infections
B. Viral infections
C. Allergies
D. Autoimmune diseases
Correct Answer: C. Allergies
- What condition is characterized by a lack of one or more types of immunoglobulins?
A. Hypergammaglobulinemia
B. Hypogammaglobulinemia
C. Leukopenia
D. Thrombocytopenia
Correct Answer: B. Hypogammaglobulinemia
- Which test is commonly used to diagnose multiple myeloma?
A. Serum protein electrophoresis
B. PCR
C. Flow cytometry
D. ELISA
Correct Answer: A. Serum protein electrophoresis
- Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is associated with which type of immunoglobulin?
A. Polyclonal
B. Monoclonal
C. Mixed
D. Absent
Correct Answer: B. Monoclonal
- In an ELISA test, the presence of antibodies is typically indicated by:
A. A change in color
B. The formation of a precipitate
C. Fluorescence
D. Radioactivity
Correct Answer: A. A change in color
- Which immunoglobulin is most effective in agglutination?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgE
Correct Answer: C. IgM
- Immunoglobulin light chains can be classified into:
A. Alpha and beta
B. Kappa and lambda
C. Delta and Epsilon
D. Gamma and delta
Correct Answer: B. Kappa and lambda
- Which immunoglobulin is primarily involved in defense against parasitic infections?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgE
Correct Answer: D. IgE
- In which condition would you expect to see decreased levels of IgA?
A. Selective IgA deficiency
B. Allergic reactions
C. Parasitic infections
D. Acute bacterial infections
Correct Answer: A. Selective IgA deficiency
- Which immunoglobulin has the longest half-life in serum?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgE
Correct Answer: B. IgG
- Which technique is used to detect the presence of specific immunoglobulins in a sample?
A. Southern blot
B. Northern blot
C. Western blot
D. Eastern blot
Correct Answer: C. Western blot
- Which immunoglobulin class can activate the classical complement pathway most efficiently?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgE
Correct Answer: C. IgM
- Elevated serum levels of which immunoglobulin are indicative of a chronic infection or inflammation?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgE
Correct Answer: B. IgG
- What is the primary role of IgA in the immune system?
A. Neutralization of pathogens in mucosal areas
B. Opsonization of bacteria
C. Activation of complement
D. Mediation of allergic responses
Correct Answer: A. Neutralization of pathogens in mucosal areas
- In the context of immunoglobulins, what does “isotype switching” refer to?
A. Changing the antigen-binding site of an antibody
B. Altering the constant region of an antibody
C. Mutating the variable region of an antibody
D. Cloning different antibodies
Correct Answer: B. Altering the constant region of an antibody
- The primary structure of an immunoglobulin molecule is determined by:
A. DNA sequencing
B. Protein electrophoresis
C. Amino acid sequence
D. Carbohydrate composition
Correct Answer: C. Amino acid sequence
- What are the heavy chains in an IgG molecule called?
A. Alpha chains
B. Gamma chains
C. Delta chains
D. Mu chains
Correct Answer: B. Gamma chains
- Which immunoglobulin is present in the highest concentration in newborns?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgE
Correct Answer: B. IgG
- Which immunoglobulin is known for its pentameric structure?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgE
Correct Answer: C. IgM
- The Fc region of an immunoglobulin is responsible for:
A. Antigen binding
B. Binding to cell receptors
C. Variable region formation
D. Junctional diversity
Correct Answer: B. Binding to cell receptors
- Which immunoglobulin plays a key role in neutralizing toxins and viruses?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgE
Correct Answer: B. IgG
- What is the primary site of immunoglobulin production?
A. Bone marrow
B. Thymus
C. Spleen
D. Lymph nodes
Correct Answer: A. Bone marrow
- In rheumatoid arthritis, which immunoglobulin forms immune complexes that deposit in joints?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgE
Correct Answer: C. IgM
- Which immunoglobulin is primarily responsible for the secondary immune response?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgE
Correct Answer: B. IgG
- Which method can quantify the amount of specific immunoglobulins in a patient’s serum?
A. Flow cytometry
B. ELISA
C. Immunohistochemistry
D. Southern blot
Correct Answer: B. ELISA
- Which immunoglobulin deficiency is the most common primary immunodeficiency?
A. IgA deficiency
B. IgG deficiency
C. IgM deficiency
D. IgE deficiency
Correct Answer: A. IgA deficiency
- The Fab region of an immunoglobulin is involved in:
A. Complement activation
B. Antigen binding
C. Cell receptor binding
D. Allergen response
Correct Answer: B. Antigen binding
- Immunoglobulins can act as:
A. Enzymes
B. Hormones
C. Antigens
D. Antibodies
Correct Answer: D. Antibodies
- Which test can differentiate between different classes of immunoglobulins?
A. Flow cytometry
B. Immunoelectrophoresis
C. PCR
D. Southern blot
Correct Answer: B. Immunoelectrophoresis
- Which of the following is a characteristic of polyclonal immunoglobulins?
A. Produced by a single clone of B cells
B. Identical antigen-binding sites
C. Diverse antigen-binding sites
D. Always involved in autoimmune diseases
Correct Answer: C. Diverse antigen-binding sites
- A high level of IgM in a newborn typically indicates:
A. Maternal transfer of antibodies
B. Congenital infection
C. Allergic reaction
D. Autoimmune disorder
Correct Answer: B. Congenital infection
- Which immunoglobulin is known to form dimers?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgE
Correct Answer: A. IgA
- In Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, there is an overproduction of:
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgE
Correct Answer: C. IgM
- The presence of Bence Jones proteins in urine is associated with:
A. Multiple myeloma
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. Systemic lupus erythematosus
D. HIV infection
Correct Answer: A. Multiple myeloma
- Immunoglobulin light chains are:
A. Alpha and beta
B. Kappa and lambda
C. Gamma and delta
D. Mu and nu
Correct Answer: B. Kappa and lambda
- Which immunoglobulin subclass is divided into four subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4)?
A. IgA
B. IgG
C. IgM
D. IgE
Correct Answer: B. IgG
- The primary role of IgE is to:
A. Neutralize toxins
B. Mediate allergic reactions
C. Activate complement
D. Provide mucosal immunity
Correct Answer: B. Mediate allergic reactions
- What is the main characteristic of an autoimmune disease related to immunoglobulins?
A. Overproduction of IgE
B. Production of antibodies against self-antigens
C. Deficiency of IgA
D. Excess of polyclonal IgG
Correct Answer: B. Production of antibodies against self-antigens
- In terms of immunoglobulins, what does the term “affinity” refer to?
A. The ability to activate complement
B. The strength of binding between an antibody and its antigen
C. The diversity of antigen-binding sites
D. The ability to cross the placenta
Correct Answer: B. The strength of binding between an antibody and its antigen
- Which condition is characterized by the production of abnormal amounts of monoclonal immunoglobulins?
A. Selective IgA deficiency
B. Multiple myeloma
C. Chronic granulomatous disease
D. Common variable immunodeficiency
Correct Answer: B. Multiple myeloma